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【教程】人像摄影——单反光板户外打造电影场景灯光 - [All about Photography]
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Anyone who's ever been on a movie set is sure to have a sense of just how involved the lighting set-ups can be.
Because production teams need to be able to create their own lighting set-ups so as not to be at the mercy of the weather or direction of the sun, shooting for film is very involved, expensive, and takes up a lot of time.
On most sets, huge, generator-powered lights are used to simulate sunlight, while other large-scale light diffusers and reflectors are used to control the quality of the light that illuminates the subject or scene.
And even though this level of production may seem overwhelming to you, keep in mind that light is light, and that the techniques used in expensive movie sets can also be applied to photographers working on a much smaller scale to achieve the same effects. This lesson demonstrates some basic methods for working with, and modifying, a very beautiful (and free) source of light: the sun.(Most images can be clicked for an enlarged view.)Topics Covered:
- Scouting the right location
- Front-lighting vs. backlighting
- Lighting for head shots
- Lighting for full-length shots
Equipment Used:
Camera/Media
- Olympus E-1
- Olympus ZUIKO DIGITAL 14-54mm F2.8-3.5 Lens
- Olympus 1GB CompactFlash card
Lighting Equipment
- Photoflex LiteDisc Holder
- Photoflex LitePanel 39x72" Fabric White/Soft Gold
- Photoflex LitePanel Kit
- Photoflex Litestand 2212
- Photoflex Litestand 2218
- Photoflex MultiDisc Kit
I was recently in Boston visiting some friends and wanted to take some outside portraits of my friend, our model, in the north end of the city. As we were scouting a place to shoot, we noticed a small side street lined with old, tall buildings (where the afternoon sun was about to shine in). So we decided to quickly set up some lighting gear to take advantage of this momentary lighting opportunity.
HEAD AND SHOULDERS PORTRAIT
First, we decided to start with a head and shoulders portrait and considered a couple of lighting options. We could have had our model facing the sun and then used the Translucent section of a Photoflex MultiDisc to diffuse the sunlight falling on her, but instead we decided to have her backlit against the sunlight pouring onto the street. I also wanted the sunlight to create an outline, or "rim-light", around our model to create separation from the background.
Since our model's face would be in shadows in this position, I attached a Photoflex 32" MultiDisc to a LiteDisc Holder and 2212 LiteStand and positioned it so that the white side of the reflector would bounce sunlight into the top half of her body (figures 1 & 2).
When the MultiDisc was positioned where we wanted it, I grabbed my Olympus E-1 digital camera and made the following adjustments to the settings:- Exposure mode to Manual
- Focusing mode to MF
- ISO to its lowest setting (100)
- Resolution to TIFF
- White Balance to Daylight (5500 K)
Since I wanted a short depth of field, I set the aperture to f/3.5 and the shutter speed to 1/500th of a second to compensate for exposure (here, I figure out the appropriate shutter speed by reviewing the exposure on the LCD. Typically, I will first set our aperture to determine our depth of field, and then use the built-in meter to estimate the approximate shutter speed. I'll then take a shot and review the exposure. After a while, you get familiar with how the light levels on the LCD compare to the light levels on your computer screen, and become more confident with your exposures, minimizing the need to bracket (shooting at several exposure levels) or use a light meter.
Once the camera was set, I framed up the shot and fired off a few frames. Here is a keeper from the bunch (figure 3).
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
The result shows a very dynamic portrait. The sun lights up our model's hair and shoulder to create separation from the background, and the MultiDisc does well to bounce white, soft light into the top half of our model's body: a good exposure all around. Also note that the sun rakes along the wall of the building, giving it dimension and an interesting texture.
While the white side of the MultiDisc is good for bouncing soft light into the shadows, it is also neutral in tone.Sometimes it's nice to use the Soft Gold side to warm up the skin tones somewhat, and that's what we decided to do here next. To do so, I simply flipped the fabric on the MutliDisc, reattached it to the LiteDisc Holder, checked the reflection on our model's face and took a few more exposures (figures 4, 5 & 6).
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Notice how the Soft Gold side of the MultiDisc really warms up the color of our model's skin. And because the Soft Gold side is shinier than the White side, it adds a little more contrast, or "punch" to the shot. It almost looks as if our model is being lit by both the sun and a nearby window reflecting sunlight into her face.
FULL-LENGTH PORTRAIT
Next, I wanted to shoot a full-length portrait of our model, but knew that the 32" MultiDisc would only be able to light a section of the model's body, leaving the rest in shadow. In order to light a person evenly from head to toe, you need to use a reflector that is at least as tall as the person you are photographing.
In this situation, the Photoflex LitePanel Kit is the right tool for the job. It uses the same fabrics the MultiDiscs use, only it reflects 3 feet by 6 feet. First, we set up the LitePanel Frame. I then attached a White/Soft Gold Fabric to it, attached two Photoflex Main & T Clamps onto two Photoflex 2218 LiteStands and mounted the sides of the LitePanel frame to the Clamps. Once the Frame was supported by the LiteStands, I angled the frame slightly downward to optimize the reflection and then tightened down the Main & T Clamps to prevent the Frame from rotating.Once everything was in position, we asked our model for a few different poses and fired off a few more shots (figures 7, 8 & 9).
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
The result shows a bright, even light that fills in the shadows from head to toe. Even the black pants are illuminated enough to reveal texture and detail. As you can see, the White LitePanel fabric helps to create natural-looking lighting without appearing as though the scene is artificially lit.
Next, I decided to flip the LitePanel to reflect the Soft Gold side of the fabric. Again, the Soft Gold side is both brighter and warmer in tone than the White side, and gives us a different look to the shot. Once the LitePanel was in place, we took a few more exposures at the same camera settings (figures 10, 11 & 12).
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Notice the difference the Soft Gold panel makes. The result shows a very dramatic light that ties in well with the contrast of the building in the background. A very cinematic shot lit only by the sun and a reflector!
Figure 13
As the sun made its way across the sky, I decided to reposition the camera angle so that the building across the street would be in the background. While we waited for the light to rake across the brick, I had our model put on her sunglasses and a scarf for a slightly different look. With the same camera settings and the Soft Gold panel in place, I took a few more shots. Here is our model's favorite of the bunch (figure 13).
Again, a well-lit, dimensional subject in front of a nicely textured background. It just goes to show that you don't have to spend a fortune to get professional-quality results!
COMPARISONS
Here you can see the progression of these result shots.
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Keep in mind that there is no "right" way to light someone, and that there are many different looks you can achieve simply by experimenting with your lighting tools. And by experimenting often, you will inevitably learn how to get the look you are going for.
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